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  Fully Integrated NAPA Receiver Brings Mass-Market Potential This integrated circuit supports simultaneous reception and processing of the GPS L1/L5, Galileo E1/E5a, and GLONASS G1 signals with 40 tracking channels. The dual-band analog RF front-end is integrated on the same mixed-signal chip as the baseband hardware, including an embedded processor to close the tracking loops: overall, a compact, low-power, and low-cost solution. By Fabio Garzia, Stefan Köhler, Santiago Urquijo, Philipp Neumaier,Jörn Driesen, Sybille Haas, Thomas Leineweber, Tao Zhang, Sascha Krause, Frank Henkel,Alexander Rügamer, Matthias Overbeck, and Günther Rohmer Multi-constellation multi-band global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can efficiently exploit the advantages derived from the modernization of existing GNSS constellations, such as GPS and GLONASS, as well as from the launch of new ones like Galileo and BeiDou. Utilizing multiple systems can significantly improve the availability of a navigation solution in urban canyons and heavily shadowed areas. Increased satellite availability also guarantees higher measurement redundancy and improved reliability. Moreover, the excellent inherent noise and multipath mitigation capabilities of the new and modernized wideband signals in the L5/E5a band, combined with the ionosphere error mitigation given by frequency diversity, significantly improves the accuracy in both measurement and position domains. Still, most commercial fully-integrated single-chip mass market GNSS receivers use only a single-frequency band for their positioning, velocity, time (PVT) solution: either GPS L1 C/A or Galileo E1 and GLONASS G1. For example, the Teseo chips are single-chip solutions that support multiple constellations but only on one frequency band. This approach reduces  design costs and enables the lowest consumption of power, but neglects the advantages of wideband signal processing  – which offers increased robustness thanks to  two simultaneous frequency band receptions and the capability of mitigating the ionosphere error. Another approach for realizing multi-constellation multi-frequency solutions is to combine different chips for the analog front-end and the digital baseband. One fully integrated single-chip analog multi-band front-end for the simultaneous reception of GPS L1/L5, Galileo E1/E5, and GLONASS has been presented. However, this chip included only the front-end and requires an additional, separate digital-baseband solution. The purpose of the NAPA project (NAvigation chip for Pedestrian navigation and higher precision Applications) is to close this gap by providing a fully integrated, compact, low-power, and low-cost solution in which the analog and digital parts of the GNSS receiver are integrated together on the same chip. The NAPA receiver offers all the advantages of multi-constellation reception with additional dual-frequency support. The NAPA chip features a monolithic, single mixed-signal chip implementation of a multi-system, multi-band analog front-end and the related digital baseband core, including an embedded processor. The NAPA chip can be used as a stand-alone GNSS sensor, because no additional components are required to obtain a PVT solution. The ASIC was implemented in a low-power technology and adopts some ad-hoc low-power architectural features. In regard to costs, an ASIC solution is more convenient than FPGA,  provided the non-recurring engineering costs (NRE) are amortized by the amount of chips manufactured and sold. The NAPA chip supports multi-system (GPS, Galileo, and GLONASS) and multi-band (GPS/Galileo L1/E1, L5/E5a, GLONASS G1) processing. Figure 1 shows the frequency band being selected for receiving and processing in the NAPA chip. With two fully deployed GNSS — GPS and GLONASS — NAPA chips can already be used in many commercial applications. Thanks to the spectral overlay of the GPS L1/L5 and Galileo E1/E5a signals, the chip is also ready for Galileo. The frequency selection features both the narrow-band legacy signals L1/G1, which can be used for fast acquisition. For highest tracking accuracy, the wideband GPS L5 and Galileo E5a BPSK(10) modulated signals can be utilized. Figure 1. GNSS signals received and processed by the NAPA chip. The higher accuracy is  obtained primarily by the attenuation of the ionospheric error. The ionosphere is a dispersing media that can introduce a bias error between 1 and 20 m. Forming a linear combination of two independent frequency-band measurements, the ionospheric bias can be measured and almost completely removed. In addition, Precise Point Positioning and Wide/Narrow-laning combinations are possible, thanks to the second received frequency band. The first allows for the combination of precise satellite positions and clocks with multi-frequency measurements, providing cm/dm solutions. The second adopts fast ambiguity solutions for carrier-phase positioning and cycle-slip detection. In this article, we present the NAPA chip in detail. We describe the architecture of the analog front-end and its digital counterpart and the innovative features of each. Then we provide details about chip implementation, manufacturing, and test setup. Finally, we present the first verification results and draw conclusions. Architecture Overview The NAPA chip architecture, depicted in Figure 2,  is composed of two separate blocks integrated on the same silicon die: the analog core provides the functionality of a two-frequency radio-frequency (RF) front-end, whereas the digital part implements the main GNSS processing tasks, including the correlator channels and an embedded processor, and takes care of the RF front-end control. The interface between the two blocks is completely digital and provides synchronizers to ensure a valid clock domain crossing (CDC). Figure 2. Overall NAPA architecture with emphasis on the digital core blocks. Analog Front-End. The analog RF front-end supports the simultaneous reception of GPS L5 / Galileo E5a and GPS L1 / Galileo E1 / GLONASS G1 signals as well as modes where only one reception path is activated. Both passive and active GNSS antennas are supported, thanks to integrated low noise amplifiers (LNA). There are two separate signal reception paths for the two frequency bands. The L1/E1/G1 path is characterized by a quasi-zero-IF conversion that mixes the middle frequency between L1/E1 and G1 to zero frequency. The L1/E1 reception bandwidth is up to 14 MHz so as to incorporate the MBOC modulations of Galileo E1 and future GPS L1C signals. A programmable automatic gain control (AGC) controls the complex analog baseband signals before they are digitized with a 4-bit dual-channel analog digital converter (ADC). The second reception path receives an L5/E5a signal with up to 20 MHz bandwidth for the BPSK(10) modulated signals. This path uses a low-IF architecture. The signal is down-converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) of 15.345 MHz. The image frequency is suppressed by a polyphase filter. The real-valued analog signal is controlled by an AGC and converted to the digital domain using a single 4-bit ADC. A common phase locked loop (PLL) is used with specific L1/E1/G1 and L5/E5a dividers to generate the mixers’ local oscillator (LO) frequencies. The PLL loop filter is integrated on-chip to minimize external elements. Moreover, automatic filter and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) calibrations are included to mitigate process tolerances. The PLL can handle input clock frequencies between 10 and 80 MHz with a recommended clock frequency of 36.115 MHz. An SPI core was implemented on the front-end part to facilitate control of the different front-end features. This means it is possible to tune the PLL, to switch off a complete front-end path if the second frequency band is not used and to activate different on-chip calibration procedures. The frequency plan of the front-end is depicted in Figure 3. Due to the quasi zero-IF architecture, the complex L1/E1 baseband signal is located on an IF of -13.64 MHz and the GLONASS G1 frequency division multiple access (FDMA) signals on an IF of +12.94 MHz, with respect to the GLONASS G1 center frequency of 1602 MHz. The real-valued L5/E5a signals are provided by the second ADC and located on an IF of 15.345 MHz. Figure 3. RF front-end frequency plan. The ADC samples are generated with a frequency of 74.4871875 MHz for both the single channel L5, as well as for the dual-channel L1/E1/G1 ADCs. The ADC clock is also directly connected to the baseband digital core and is used as the main clock for the GNSS hardware modules. The embedded processor in the digital core receives a second clock, which is twice as fast as the GNSS hardware one. Digital Baseband SoC. The baseband is characterized by a system-on-chip (SoC) architecture based on a SPARC-compatible 32-bit LEON2 microprocessor running at approximately 150 MHz. The GNSS functionality, including acquisition and tracking, are implemented using dedicated hardware modules. The processor’s primary functions are to correctly configure the RF front-end and control the different parts of the receiver. In particular, it triggers acquisition, initializes, and starts the tracking channels with the signals detected during acquisition and takes care of closing the frequency/phase/delay locked loops (FLL/PLL/DLL) used for signal tracking. The tracking loops have strict real-time constraints; communication between the channels and the processor features a high-speed infrastructure. Structurally, the processor is connected to a hierarchical on-chip Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) composed of a high-performance bus (AHB) and a peripheral bus (APB). The AHB provides a direct connection between the processor, the real-time GNSS modules, and the system memory, a monolithic 1 MByte block that hosts the main program at run-time. Different programs can be loaded if needed by using the external SD-card interface. In addition to the processor, there are four additional AHB masters: the bootloader, the SD-card controller, the real-time GNSS modules, and the on-chip processor debugger. The bootloader is in charge of the bus control at system start-up. The SD-card controller has integrated direct-memory access (DMA) capabilities to move data between the SD card and the system memory. The real-time GNSS modules can write the tracking results directly to the system memory. Finally, the integrated processor debugger allows real-time debugging and is used mainly in the verification phase. The APB provides a connection to generic peripherals, and control and status interface of the GNSS modules without real-time constraints, as well as the control and status interface of the RF front-end. Since the GNSS modules operate in a separate clock domain that runs at half the frequency of the processor domain, some synchronization logic is necessary to ensure correct CDC. The adoption of an SoC architecture provides  higher flexibility than conventional static hardware solutions. In addition to typical GNSS applications, the user can also implement some signal monitoring and processing algorithms in software. The eCos-embedded operating system is provided to ease software development. Generic Peripherals. The digital core is equipped with several peripherals that enable the communication with the outside world. The two separate universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interfaces can run at 115.2 kbps. A dedicated serial peripheral interface (SPI) master is also provided with a maximum of 10-MHz clock frequency. For example, these interfaces can be used to provide NMEA data to some external display device or raw data (pseudoranges, code phases) in order to calculate a PVT solution. It is also possible to directly access the measurements generated from the correlator hardware and to control the tracking NCOs, which means users can choose their own algorithms for the loop closure. A possible application is the realization of vector-delay tracking using the NAPA ASIC and an external processor. The SD-card interface facilitates the loading and storage of large amounts of data, for example, memory codes and almanacs. The possibility of making signal snapshots periodically and saving them to an SD card for later analysis has also been foreseen. This could be useful in special applications in which the receiver hardware is not accessible to the user all of the time. In addition, 10 general-purpose I/O pins (GPIO) are provided. They can be controlled via software and can provide a very basic interface (for example, to connect to external LEDs or switches). Acquisition Module. The acquisition module adopts a parallel code phase search in the Fourier domain by using a 16-k Samples Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) core. The adopted algorithm is known as parallel code-phase search. The L1/E1/G1 signals coming from the front-end are first filtered and then sent to the acquisition module to allow a fast detection of the satellites in the L1/E1/G1 bands with their respective code delays and Doppler frequencies. The acquisition of GLONASS G1 FDMA signals is possible thanks to a software-configurable hardware mixer that can be set with the different G1 carrier frequencies. No direct hardware acquisition is supported for the L5/E5a band signals. The tracking of L5/E5a band signals is possible by performing a hand-over from L1/E1 band or a Tong search using the tracking channels. The acquisition process is performed iteratively over all the possible satellites and over a set of Doppler values. These values are obtained by dividing the complete range of possible Doppler variations into bins. The smaller these bins are, the more accurate the acquisition result, but the more time is required to complete the entire process. The acquisition has an additional layer of configurability because of the adoption of coherent and incoherent accumulations. These accumulations are supported in hardware but are completely software-controlled. This provides another possibility for achieving  higher accuracy, but at the cost of a larger execution time due to an increase in the amount of accumulations. To speed up acquisition, we introduced a dedicated logic based on a novel patented algorithm. With this algorithm, we are able to detect the Doppler of the L1/E1 satellites present in the signal with an accuracy of 2 Hz. By performing this Doppler search step before the actual acquisition, we are able to generate a list with Doppler values that can be used instead of the bins. This gives more accurate results thanks to the algorithm’s inherent accuracy (see Figure 4) and allows a reduction in the acquisition time since the amount of Doppler values are usually smaller than the bins. Another advantage of this algorithm is the possibility to detect the transition to an indoor context (such as where there is a lack of satellite signals) by simply  looking at the Doppler list, without performing any acquisition. Figure 4. Comparison between standard and Doppler-list based acquisition of an L1 signal. A single iteration step for the acquisition of a GPS L1 signal requires no more than 1 ms for each accumulated epoch. To achieve a good compromise between accuracy and speed, we typically use four epochs of incoherent accumulation, which means approximately 4 ms execution time. For Galileo L1 with four incoherent accumulations, an iteration step takes approximately 16 ms. This time has to be multiplied by the number of satellites and bins to estimate the execution time of the complete process. Integrated Acquisition Memories. The acquisition module is characterized by dedicated memory blocks used for the fast FFT processing. It also provides the possibility to use these on-chip memories to store a snapshot of the incoming signals. In particular, we can store up to 81,920 samples of raw data for the complex L1 and real L5 IF signals for further analysis or processing, even off-chip. This enables sophisticated spoofing detection methods, for example, as well as interferer detection and characterization methods. Spoofing detection can be implemented by monitoring the 2D-acquisition search space. Interferer detection and characterization can employ short-time Fourier transforms (STFT) on the snapshot. Using the chip as a simple snapshot receiver without having to use the on-chip dedicated GNSS hardware is also a possibilty. For this purpose, the integrated peripherals like UART and SPI ports are provided as interfaces. Tracking Module. The 40 versatile tracking channels can be mapped to any combination of GPS, Galileo, and GLONASS signals on the two reception bands. One possible combination would be to track 10 GPS and 10 Galileo satellites simultaneously on both L1/E1 and L5/E5a bands. Alternatively, the user can include GLONASS signals by using fewer GPS / Galileo combinations. The assignment of these tracking channels to the actual GNSS signals can be changed at run-time in order to adapt to different reception situations or to assist the selected signal processing methods. Each channel is characterized by a five-tap correlator. For the BPSK modulated signals without side peaks, such as GPS L1/L5, Galileo E5a, and GLONASS G1, we use only three values (early, late, and prompt). For Galileo E1 BOC(1,1) signals, five values are foreseen (very early and very late in addition to the previous), so that false peak lock conditions can be detected and a bump-jumping algorithm can be applied. The switch between these modes can be done at run-time and determines the amount of correlation values to be exchanged between correlators and processor. Low-Power Features. The GNSS modules operate in their own clock domain. This clock domain is divided in clock-gated regions. There is a common region for the bus interfaces, one region for the acquisition, and one for each tracking channel. This allows a fine-grain shut-down of the GNSS modules that are not currently in use. For example, the acquisition can be deactivated when there are enough signals in tracking or the unused tracking channels can be disabled. This allows a reduced power consumption for the idle modules. This activation/deactivation procedure is controlled through a set of registers connected to the APB and is performed via software. External Front-End Interface. To allow for more flexibility, we provided an additional RF front-end interface. The interface is also depicted in Figure 3. This interface features one 2-bit complex and an additional 2-bit real input, as well as a clock input. The user can decide to directly connect the digital baseband core to an external RF front-end with compatible sampling rate parameters, and exclude the on-chip RF front-end. This makes it possible to use the NAPA chip for validating other RF front-end devices, or it can be adapted to special customer needs. Boot-Up Sequence. The SoC includes a hard-coded bootloader that is in charge of the bus control at start-up. In this phase, the processor is switched off. The bootloader loads a 24-kByte program from the SD-card to the system memory and starts the processor. In this phase, the processor runs with the external oscillator clock. Having performed the RF front-end initialization, the processor can switch to the front-end PLL generated processor clock that runs at approximately 150 MHz. This switch is completely transparent to the processor. Then the actual main GNSS receiver program is loaded into the system memory and executed. The NAPA Chip The NAPA chip has been manufactured in a low-power 1.2 V 65 nm TSMC technology. The 4.5 mm x 5.0 mm chip die was mounted in a QFN68 package; first test samples are available. The core requires a 1.2 V power supply, the pads 1.8 V. Figure 5 shows a picture of the die and its interconnections. The two parts, the analog core and the digital baseband, are clearly distinguishable. The chip is currently in the verification phase. Figure 5. NAPA chip. Within the project, the development and testing of the NAPA design was carried out on basically two platforms. During the hardware development phase, the baseband core has been prototyped on a FPGA device and tested using a special file-player setup, as explained in the following section. Having taped out the chip and received the first samples from the foundry, a test board has been developed in order to verify NAPA chip functionality. FPGA Test Setup. In the development phase, the NAPA baseband core has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex6 FPGA device. A Xilinx ML605 development board has been used for the test setup. The main limitation of the testing in this phase was the lack of an analog RF front-end prototype. In order to make  early testing of GNSS functionality possible, we adopted a file player developed by Fraunhofer IIS in a previous project. This file player uses a desktop PC to reproduce a digital signal data-stream stored in a binary file on the PC. The stream is sent through a dedicated interface to a commercial digital acquisition board. This board receives a clock synchronized with the baseband core’s clock in the FPGA and delivers the signals directly to the FPGA pins. The complete setup is depicted in Figure 6. The setup in use can be seen on the left part of the opening figure. Figure 6. FPGA test setup. Test Board. In the verification phase, which is currently ongoing, the first unpackaged test chip dies have been glued directly to the test PCB and bonded on board without any housing. After receiving the packaged chips, the QFN68 could be regularly soldered on the PCB. A block diagram of the board is depicted in Figure 7. The board hosts the typical switch buttons and LEDs for quick control and status detection as well as some specific interfaces. The clock can be provided through a dedicated SMA clock connector as well as a discrete oscillator. Two sub-miniature push-on (SMP) connectors are also provided for separate the L1 and L5 antenna inputs. The two UART ports, the debugger UART, and the SPI master port are connected using a FTDI chip. This chip allows the simultaneous connection of these ports to a desktop PC’s USB port. A parallel connector is provided to interface external front-end ADC signals and clock. The GPIOs are accessible through the same connector. A dedicated socket is added for a mini-SD card. Figure 7. Block diagram of NAPA test board. Preliminary Results The chip on the test board was first tested  using the same file player of the FPGA setup. This way, we could evaluate the correct functionality of the digital baseband core without the need to activate and configure the on-chip front-end. After the successful tests, we focused on the on-chip front-end configuration, and we used the antenna connectors to provide valid GNSS signals. We tested the chip using three different configurations: a GNSS signal simulator, a static roof antenna, and a small active patch antenna. In the three configurations, we successfully acquired GPS L1 and Galileo E1 signals. We were also able to perform tracking on GPS L1 and L5I, as well as Galileo E1b and E5aI. Figure 8 shows the spectrum of a snapshot of L1 and L5 paths made using the on-chip dedicated snapshot hardware and sent through the UART port with a dedicated binary protocol for offline processing. For this special test, we used an arbitrary waveform generator to provide noiseless Galileo and GLONASS signals in the L1 and L5 frequency bands, supported by the NAPA chip. After performing a FFT of the two snapshots, we can clearly see these signals. In the L1 plot, the E1b signal is present in the negative frequency range with the two peaks typical of the BOC(1,1) modulation. The FDMA GLONASS G1 is in the positive frequency range with its trapezoidal characteristic. It is also possible to see a side lobe of the E1a BOCcos(15,2.5) in the proximity of the zero frequency. In the L5 plot, we can see the main peak of BPSK E5a signal on the right and its mirrored image on the left, due to the fact that L5 signal path is real. Figure 8. Spectrum of L1 and L5 band showing a Galileo E1 and E5a signal. Acknowledgment This project has been funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), which is gratefully acknowledged.

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adapter 5vdc 1.5a ad20000002420,gft gfp241da-1220 ac adapter 12v dc 2a used 2x5.5mm -(+)-,apd da-36j12 ac dc adapter 12v 3a power supply,350702002co ac adapter 7.5v dc 200ma used 2.5x5.5x11mm straight.olympus bu-100 battery charger used 1.2v 490ma camedia 100-240v.the best-quality chlorine resistant xtra life power lycra.nikon eh-64 ac adapter 4.8vdc 1.5a -(+) power supply for coolpix.pa-1600-07 ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a -(+)- used 1.7x4.7mm 100-240v,this page contains mobile jammer seminar and ppt with pdf report,lenovo 42t4430 ac adapter 20v 4.5a 90w pa-190053i used 5.6 x 7.9,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,car ac adapter used power supply special phone connector,condor dv-1611a ac adapter 16v 1.1a used 3.5mm mono jack.lexmark click cps020300050 ac adapter 30v 0.50a used class 2 tra.whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,palm plm05a-050 dock for palm pda m130, m500, m505, m515 and mor.milwaukee 48-59-1812 dual battery charger used m18 & m12 lithium,art tech 410640 ac adapter dc 6v 400ma class 2 transformer power.compaq ppp012h ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a -(+)- 1.8x4.7mm.ilan f1960i ac adapter 19v 3.42a 34w i.t.e power supply,acro-power axs48s-12 ac adapter 12vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240v.5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.pc-3010-dusn ac adapter 3vdc 1000ma used 90 degree right angle a,the ability to integrate with the top radar detectors from escort enables user to double up protection on the road without,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively,astrodyne sp45-1098 ac adapter 42w 5pin din thumbnut power suppl,this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology.blocking or jamming radio signals is illegal in most countries,sony ac-l 200d ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.5a 4x6mm used for digital cam.lei power converter 220v 240vac 2000w used multi nation travel a,nokia acp-8e ac dc adapter dc 5.3v 500 ma euorope cellphone char,canon ad-150 ac adapter 9.5v dc 1.5a power supply battery charge.panasonic de-891aa ac adapter 8vdc 1400ma used -(+)- 1.8 x 4.7 x,toshiba pa3241u-2aca ac adapter 15vdc 3a used -(+) 3x6.5mm 100-2.hp pa-2111-01h ac dc adapter 19v 2950ma power supply,atlinks 5-2495a ac adapter 6vdc 300ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5x12mm rou,am-12200 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma direct plug in transformer unit.y-0503 6s-12 ac adapter 12v 5vdc 2a switching power supply.4312a ac adapter 3.1vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.5x0.7x4.6mm round barr.dell adp-70eb ac adapter 20vdc 3.5a 3pin pa-6 family 9364u for d,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.ktec jbl ksafh1800250t1m2 ac adapter 18vdc 2.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm.delta sadp-135eb b ac adapter 19vdc 7.1a used 2.5x5.5x11mm power.bml 163 020 r1b type 4222-us ac adapter 12vdc 600ma power supply,trendnet tpe-111gi(a) used wifi poe e167928 100-240vac 0.3a 50/6,dve dsa-009f-05a ac adapter +5vdc 1.8a 9w switching adapter,scope dj04v20500a battery charger 4.2vdc 500ma used 100-240v ac,pocket jammer is one of the hot items.h.r.s global ad16v ac adapter 16vac 500ma used90 degree right,jn yad-0900100c ac adapter 9vdc 100ma - ---c--- + used 2 x 5.5 x.kodak k630 mini charger aa 0r aaa used class 2 battery charger e,pihsiang 4c24080 ac adapter 24vdc 8a 192w used 3pin battery char.about radar busters this site is family owned and founded by ",aciworld 48-7.5-1200d ac adapter 7.5v dc 1200ma power supply,a cell phone jammer - top of the range,motorola nu20-c140150-i3 ac adapter 14vdc 1.5a used -(+) 2.5x5.5.l.t.e. lte50e-s2-1 ac adapter 12v dc 4.17a 50w power supply for,fujitsu seb100p2-19.0 ac adapter 19vdc 4.22a -(+) used 2.5x5.5mm.you will learn how to make a cell phone signal jammer using 555 timer with less number of components,it can be configured by using given command.0335c2065 advent ac dc adapter 20v 3.25a charger power supply la.

Powerup g54-41244 universal notebook ac adapter 90w 20v 24v 4.5a.replacement 1650-05d ac adapter 19.5v 3.34a used -(+)- 5x7.4mm r,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,delta electronics adp-60cb ac dc adapter 19v 3.16a power supply.aastra corporation aec-3590a ac adapter 9vdc 300ma +(-) used 120.compaq adp-60pb acadapter 12vdc 5a 4pin 10mm power dinpowers.finecom zfxpa01500090 ac adapter 9vdc 1.5a -(+) 0.6x2.5mm used 9,iomega wa-05e05 u ac adapter 5vdc 1a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 11mm.hipro hp-ol060d03 ac adapter 12vdc 5a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5power su.koolatron abc-1 ac adapter 13v dc 65w used battery charger 120v,this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys.90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own.recoton adf1600 voltage converter 1600w 500watts,black& decker ua-0402 ac adapter 4.5vac 200ma power supply.daino lite limited dmpi60 ac adapter 12vac 60va 2pin transformer.bi bi05-060080-bdu ac adapter 6vdc 800ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm rou.conair spa045100bu 4.5v dc 1ma -(+)- 2x5.5mm used class 2 power.pantech pta-5070dus ac dc adapter 5v 700ma cellphone battery cha.both outdoors and in car-park buildings.acbel ad9014 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used -(+)- 1.8x4.8x10mm,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way.sony bc-cs2a ni-mh battery charger used 1.4vdc 400max2 160max2 c.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,hoover series 500 ac adapter 8.2vac 130ma used 2x5.5x9mm round b.hp pavilion dv9000 ac dc adapter 19v 4.74a power supply notebook,skil ad35-06003 ac adapter 6v dc 300ma cga36 power supply cpq600.jobmate battery charger 18vdc used for rechargeable battery.olympus a511 ac adapter 5vdc 2a power supply for ir-300 camera.1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800,92p1157 replacement ac adapter 20v dc 3.25a ibm laptop power sup,delta ga240pe1-00 ac ddapter 19.5vdc 12.3a used 5x7.4mm dell j21,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna.gme053-0505-us ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.5x7.5mm round,samsung astec ad-8019 ac adapter 19vdc 4.2a used -(+) 0.7x3x5x9.jvc ap-v3u ac adapter 5.2vdc 2a -(+) 1.6x4mm used camera a.ad-1200500dv ac adapter 12vdc 0.5a transformer power supply 220v.the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment.ibm pscv 360107a ac adapter 24vdc 1.5a used 4pin 9mm mini din 10.cp18549 pp014s ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a used -(+)- 1 x5x7.5mm,cte 4c24040a charger ac adapter 24vdc 4a 96w used 3pin xlr power,350-086 ac adapter 15vdc 300ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac straight,ryobi p113 class 2 battery charger 18v one+ lithium-ion batterie,dve dvr-0930-3512 ac adapter 9vdc 300ma -(+) 2x5.5mm 120v ac pow,logitech tesa5-0500700d-b ac adapter 5vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.6x2.,basically it is an electronic countermeasure device,koss d48-09-1200 ac adapter 9v dc 1200ma used +(-)+ 2x5.4mm 120v.archer 273-1652a ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm round.toshibapa-1900-24 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a 90w pa3516a-1ac3 powe.dve dsa-0151d-09 ac adapter 9vdc 2a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac p.nokia acp-7e ac adapter 3.7v 355ma 230vac chargecellphone 3220,a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.it deliberately incapacitates mobile phones within range.go through the paper for more information.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.rca cps015 ac adapter9.6vdc 2.3a 12.5v 1.6a used camcorder bat,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,jammerssl is a uk professional jammers store.toshiba adp-60fb 19vdc 3.42a gateway laptop power supply.dell pa-9 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a 90w charger power supply pa9,compaq pp2012 ac adapter 15vdc 4.5a 36w power supply for series,bellsouth u090050a ac adapter 9vac 500ma power supply class 2,dynamic instrument 02f0001 ac adapter 4.2vdc 600ma 2.5va nl 6vdc.dve dsa-12g-12 fus 120120 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 90° 2x5.,csi wireless sps-05-002 ac adapter 5vdc 500ma used micro usb 100.digipower tc-500n solutions world travel nikon battery charge.such vehicles and trailers must be parked inside the garage,9 v block battery or external adapter,zte stc-a22o50u5-c ac adapter 5vdc 700ma used usb port plug-in d,toshiba sadp-75pb b ac adapter 15vdc 5a used 3x6.5mm pa3469e-1ac.maxell nc-mqn01nu ni-mh & ni-cd wallmount battery charger 1.2v d.asante ad-121200au ac adapter 12vac 1.25a used 1.9 x 5.5 x 9.8mm.dell 99887 ac adapter 16.2vdc 1a power supply 99500 97689 000995,shanghai ps052100-dy ac adapter 5.2vdc 1a used (+) 2.5x5.5x10mm.hp pa-1650-32ht ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a ppp009l-e series 65w 60842,ibm 92p1113 ac adapter 20v dc 4.5a 90w used 1x5.2x7.8x11.2mm,hewlett packard hstnn-aa04 10-32v dc 11a 90w -(+)- 1x5mm used,ac adapter ea11203b power supply 19vdc 6a 120w power supply h19v,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices.this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.oem ads0243-u120200 ac adapter 12vdc 2a -(+)- 2x5.5mm like new p.kodak hpa-602425u1 ac adapter 24v dc power supply digital doc,ault 308-1054t ac adapter 16v ac 16va used plug-in class 2 trans,panasonic eb-ca10 ac adapter 7vdc 600ma used 1.5 x 3.4 x 9 mm st,many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones.axis sa120a-0530-c ac adapter 5.1vdc 2000ma used -(+) 0.9x3.5x9m,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks.ceiva e-awb100-050a ac adapter +5vdc 2a used -(+) 2x5.5mm digita.the duplication of a remote control requires more effort.redline tr 48 12v dc 2.2a power supply out 2000v 15ma for quest_.hp pa-1650-02hc ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a used 1x5 x7.5x12.8mm lapto,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power.lien chang lca01f ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a spslcd monitor power.

Axis a41208c ac dc adapter 12v 800ma power supply,recoton ad300 adapter universal power supply multi voltage.the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,jvc aa-v68u ac adapter 7.2v dc 0.77a 6.3v 1.8a charger aa-v68 or.hp nsw23579 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a 30w ppp018l mini hstnn-170c 1,ibm dcwp cm-2 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a 08k8208 power supply laptops,pure energy cp2-a ac adapter 6vdc 500ma charge pal used wall mou,ibm 49g2192 ac adapter 20-10v 2.00-3.38a power supply49g2192 4.netgear dsa-12w-05 fus ac adapter 330-10095-01 7.5v 1a power sup,motomaster ct-1562a battery charger 6/12vdc 1.5a automatic used,buslink dsa-009f-07a ac adapter 7.5vdc 1.2a -(+) 1.2x3.5mm 100-2,aok ak02g-1200100u ac adapter 12vdc 1a used 2 x 5.5 x 10mm,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,leadman powmax ky-05048s-29 ac adapter 29vdc lead-acid battery c.compaq pa-1530-02cv ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a used 1.7x5mm round b.motorola cell phone battery charger used for droid x bh5x mb810.archer 273-1404 voltage converter 220vac to 110vac used 1600w fo,jvc aa-r1001 ac adapter 10.7vdc 3a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm 110-240v.oem ads18b-w 220082 ac adapter 22vdc 818ma new -(+)- 3x6.5mm ite.hp pa-1900-18r1 ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a 90w power supply replace.delta adp-63bb b ac adapter 15v 4.2a laptop power supply,.